PROJECT SYNOPSIS
ON
HEALTH PROBLEMS AND SERVICES
UNDER SUPERVISION OF:
——————
SUBMITTED BY
NAME:
ENROLLMENT NO:
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for qualifying
MBA
In
Health Management
1. TITLE OF THE PROJECT:
HEALTH PROBLEMS AND SERVICES
2. INTRODUCTION
The health problems of India are developing with the country, many diseases are coming to India from the west, and we are taking them as a better lifestyle.
The health problems of India are:
Communicable disease problems
Nutritional problems
Environmental sanitation problems
Medical care problems
Population problems
Communicable diseases continue to be a major problem in India. They are:
Malaria: with the implementation of modified plan of operation in 1977, the upsurge of malaria cases dropped down from 6.75 million cases in 1976 to 2.1 million cases in 1984 since then situation has not shown any improvement.
Leprosy: is another major public health problem in India. During the year 2003 – 2004, total of 2.20 lakh new cases were detected, out of which child cases were 14.91% and deformity grade II and above was 1.8%. 35% of these cases are estimated to be multi-bacillary.
Filaria: the problem is increasing in magnitude every year, having risen from 25 million at risk in 1953 to 553 million presently. Of these 109 million are living in urban areas and the rest in rural areas. There are estimated to be at least 6 million attack of acute filarial disease per year.
AIDS: the problem of AIDS is increasing in magnitude every year. Since AIDS was first detected in the year 1986, the cumulative number of AIDS cases has risen to 124995 by the end of august 2006. It is estimated that by the end of year 2010 12 million HIV positive cases in the country.
Nutritional problems: from the nutrition point of view, the Indian society is a dual society, consisting of a small group of well fed, and a very large group of undernourished. The high groups are showing diseases of affluence which one finds in developed countries.
Environmental sanitation: the most difficult problem to tackle in this country is perhaps the environmental sanitation problem, which is multifaceted and multi-factorial. The great sanitary awakening which took place in England in 1840’s is yet to be born.
Medical care: India has national health policy. It does not have a national health service. The financial resources are considered inadequate to furnish the costs of running such a service.
Population: the population problem is one of the biggest problems facing the country, with its inevitable consequences on all aspects of development, especially employment, education housing, health, health care, sanitation and environment.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer are emerging as major public health problems in India. Apart from a rising proportion of older adults, population exposure to risks associated with certain chronic conditions is increasing. Obesity is increasing, physical activity is declining, and tobacco use is a substantial problem in the country.
Although it is commonly believed that non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are more prevalent in higher income groups, data from India’s 1995-1996 national survey showed that tobacco intake and alcohol misuse are higher in the poorest 20% of the income quintile. As a result, the government of India is anticipating that the prevalence of tobacco-related conditions will increase in lower socio-economic groups in the coming years.
RESOURCES NEEDS TO MEET SERVICES
Resources are needed to meet the vast health needs of a community. No nation, however rich, has enough resources to meet all the needs for all health care. Therefore an assessment of the available resources, their proper allocation and efficient utilization are important considerations for providing efficient health care services.
Health manpower
Money and material
Time
The term health manpower includes both professional and auxiliary health personnel who are needed to provide health care. An auxiliary is defined by WHO as a technical worker in a certain field with less than full professional training. The country is producing annually, on an average 26.449 allopathic doctors: 9,865 ayurvedic graduate: 1525 unani graduates: 320 siddha graduates and 12785 homoeopathic graduates. Studies in India have shown that there is a concentration of doctors (up to 73.6%) in urban areas, where only 26.4% percent of population live.
Money and material:
Money is an important resource for providing health services. Scarcity of money affects all parts of the health delivery system. In most developed countries, government expenditure for health lies between 6 to 12 percent of GNP. In underdeveloped countries it is less than 1 percent of the GNP and it seldom exceeds 2 percent of the GNP. To achieve health for all, WHO has set as a goal the expenditure of % percent of each country’s GNP o health care. At present India is spending about 3 percent of GNP on health and family welfare development.
Time:
Time is money, someone said. It is an important dimension of health care services. Administrative delays in sanctioning health projects imply loss of time, proper use of man-hours is also an important time factor. For example a survey by WHO has shown that an auxiliary burse mid wife spends 45 percent of her time in giving medical care: 40 percent in traveling: 5 percent on paper work: and only 10 percent in performing duties for which she has been trained. Such studies may be extended to other categories of health personnel with a view to promote better utilization of the time resource.
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3. RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY
Medical science has made unprecedented progress during the last two decades of the twentieth century, leading to phenomenal improvement in human health. These improvements, together with the ensuing changes in demography, have dramatically altered patterns of disease epidemiology and disease burden. Health care organizations are thus increasingly required to concentrate on evidence-based healthcare and cost effective service.
My personal objective behind this project is to come across the curable and non curable disease, which are coming to India. And inform the government or non government organizations that the way they are fighting with the situation is not enough to meet the health problems. We can stop the all diseases which are coming from the bad life style and bad habits to just take care of minor things. The government should take appropriate step or programs to make people beware of all communicable or non communicable diseases.
Enable students to develop further the skills and knowledge gained on the course by applying them to the analysis of a specific business problem or issue, via a substantial piece of independent work carried out over an extended period.
For students to demonstrate proficiency in the design of a research project, application of appropriate research methods, collection and analysis of data, and presentation of results
4. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To find the curable and non curable diseases which are coming to India and inform the government or non government organizations that the way they are fighting with the situation is not enough to meet the health problems.
2. To find the diseases which are coming from the bad life style and bad habits to just take care of minor things. The government should take appropriate step or programs to make people beware of all communicable or non communicable diseases.
3. To find if the modern India is able to fight the epidemic or the communicable diseases in the controlled manner.
4. To find if the adequate health facility is available in the metros as well as the rural areas of India.
5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology in a way is a written game plan for conducting research. Research methodology has many dimensions. I would use the methodology according to the project field. Like my project is related to the health and service back round so I would use the researches that have been done on the health related problems in India or outside.
RESEARCH DESIGN: – The research design used in this study is both ‘Descriptive’ and ‘exploratory’
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED: This research will be aimed at studying the increase penetration level & brand loyality among existing consumer of M/s East Coast Distributors Pvt. Limited.
METHOD YOU WILL USE TO CLASSIFY:
PRIMARY DATA: Most of the information will be gathered through primary sources’. The methods that will be used to collect primary data are: Questionnaire and online interviews.
SECONDARY DATA: The secondary data will be collected through:
Books that have been published on the health care and services
Lectures that have been given on the health care and services
Notes and handout that have been made on the health care and services
Knowledge that I have since I have been in this field
Suggestions of friends and family
SAMPLE SIZE : 100
AREA OF STUDY: DELHI
CONVENIENT SAMPLING: it is that type of sampling where the researcher selects the sample according to his or her convenience.
METHOD YOU WILL USE TO PRESENT DATA: Data collection will be done through questionnaire. The SPSS & Excel software will be used to analyze the data. Different types of graphs & Charts use to interpretation the findings diagrammatically, calculating the percentage of the responses. Formula, diagrams they are:
Pie Charts
Bar Graphs
Likert scale
6. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2002WHO reference number: WHO/FCH/CAH/02.14
This document is intended for policy makers and progamme managers in both developed and developing countries, as well as decision makers in international organizations supporting public health initiatives in developing countries. It makes a compelling case for concerted action to improve the quality – and especially the friendliness – of health services to adolescents. Drawing upon case studies from around the world, it reiterates that this can be – and has been done – by nongovernmental organisations and government bodies working with limited financial resources. It highlights the critical role that adolescents themselves can play, in conjunction with committed adults, to contribute to their own health and well being.
New York, NY, US: Springer-Verlag Publishing. (2006).
Our objective in this book is to present national baseline epidemiological and etiological data on the joint occurrence of delinquent behavior and alcohol, drug, and mental health (ADM) problems. Specifically, we propose to address each of the following questions. 1. What patterns of joint delinquent-ADM problems are found within the adolescent population? 2. What proportion of youth exhibit each multiple pattern, and how are youth exhibiting these patterns distributed in the general population by age, sex, race, class, and place of residence? 3. How do these patterns differ with regard to the frequency of each type of behavior? 4. Is there a particular temporal order or developmental sequence in the onset of these behaviors or disorders that is more likely than others? 5. Can we identify a common set of causes for these problems? 6. What is the predictive effect of joint involvement in these behaviors on subsequent long-range “career” or chronic involvement in crime or ADM disorders?
According to Neil D. Weinstein in 2002
A mailed questionnaire was used to obtain comparative risk judgments for 32 different hazards from a random sample of 296 individuals living in central New Jersey. The results demonstrate that an optimistic bias about susceptibility to harm-a tendency to claim that one is less at risk than one”s peers—is not limited to any particular age, sex, educational, or occupational group. It was found that an optimistic bias is often introduced when people extrapolate from their past experience to estimate their future vulnerability. Thus, the hazards most likely to elicit unrealistic optimism are those associated with the belief (often incorrect) that if the problem has not yet appeared, it is unlikely to occur in the future. Optimistic biases also increase with the perceived preventability of a hazard and decrease with perceived frequency and personal experience. Other data presented illustrate the inconsistent relationships between personal risk judgments and objective risk factors.
According to Lonnie R. Snowden in 15 APR 1999
The present study examined racial differences in use of mental health services in the specialty mental health and general medical sectors of care. Data came from household and institutional surveys and permitted estimation of services use both in the general population alone and when supplemented with samples of persons confined in jails, prisons, and mental hospitals. In uncontrolled analysis, African Americans in the community presented a mixed pattern of under-, equal-, and overrepresentation in services. Weighting the sample and controlling for sociodemographic differences and diagnoses yielded results indicating that African Americans in the community were consistently less likely than Whites to have sought help. Adding to the analysis persons who were confined eliminated the disparity in the general medical-sector services and reduced the disparity in specialty mental health sector services.
According to Katie Buston in 17TH June 2002
This study explored the health-related views and experiences of adolescent users of mental health services through semi-structured interviews with 32 14–20-year olds who had been diagnosed with a mental illness. The majority of respondents had both negative and positive things to say about their contact with health services. These relate to: the doctor—patient relationship, treatment received, the health-care system, and the environs of the hospital or clinic. The views and experiences of young people with regard to their health care must be taken into account in efforts to boost help-seeking, attendance and compliance rates and, generally, to improve child and adolescent mental health services. In particular, further attention needs to be given to the development of empathic communication skills by health professionals working with adolescents with mental health problems. Work on the health-related views and experiences of representative samples of young people with mental health problems should be prioritized.
7. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
• There may be lack of time on the part of respondents.
• There may be some bias information provided by company professionals.
• As only single area will be surveyed or covered, it does not represent the overall view of each field.
• It is very much possible that some of the respondents may give the incorrect information.
8. CHAPTERISATION
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Detailed/final Project Report will include the following chapters
1. Introduction
2. Review of Literature/
3. Objective and scope of study
4. Research Methodology
5. Data analysis and interpretation
6. Finding and Recommendation
7. Conclusion
8. Limitations
9. Bibliography
10. Appendix
9. REFERENCES
1. National health policy 2002
2. Health situation in India
3. World report, making a difference
4. Health information of India
5. Delivery of healthcare services in India published by national commission on macroeconomics and health
6. Researches methodology by R. Panneerselvam
7. Health care: www.wipro.in/domains/healthcare/indexhtm
8. www.ahrg.gov
9. http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/healthcare_in_India
10. http://en.wikipedia.org.wiki.ministry_of_health_and_family_welfare_India
11. www.indmedica.com
12. www.herc.research.va.gov
13. www.wpro.who.int/health_topics
14. www.whoind.org
15. www.who.int